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For newcomers, it’s not uncommon to face an uncertain financial situation in your first few years. An emergency fund can help you meet unexpected costs, manage expenses while searching for employment, or stay afloat if you face a job loss. Unexpected expenses can arise at any time, anywhere to anyone. Those who are prepared will walk out without bearing too much harm to their financial health. A good way to make sure you can survive a financial crisis is to save money for an emergency fund. This article covers the different types of emergency funds and how you can save money for each fund.
An emergency fund is a pool of cash that is set aside to be used in the case of an emergency. It should be stored completely away from your checking/saving accounts to ensure that you are not tempted to use it for daily expenses.
The purpose of an emergency fund is to keep you financially secure. When an unexpected expense arrives or you lose your job, this fund will help you cover expenses. Your fund could be used for emergencies such as:
That is why it is important to have at least three to six months of living expenses in your emergency fund. This type of fund is called a traditional emergency fund. However, it is not the only type of emergency fund that will help you.
Emergency funds are a very important asset to have because they can help you get through a financial crisis without bringing much harm to your financial health. Even so, a traditional emergency fund can take years of saving money to build. Fortunately, there are many types of emergency funds, some of which are easier to save money for. Let’s take a look at three different types of funds:
1. A traditional emergency fund
2. Stash of Cash (having cash on hand)
3. Passive income.
A traditional emergency fund is the biggest fund on this list. Because of this, it can take years to save up money to build a traditional emergency fund. Generally, a traditional emergency fund should cover three to six months of your income. This means that if you lose your job, you will have enough money in your emergency fund to pay all the bills for several months.
A traditional emergency fund can also be used for things such as health emergencies, auto and home repairs, and any essential need that requires a large amount of money immediately.
A stash of cash isn’t a big emergency fund and it is easy to save up money for one. This type of emergency fund can come in handy during a natural disaster or a power outage. Basically, you need cash in any situation when you can’t withdraw money from an ATM. Your stash of cash could be anywhere between $500 to $1500. It should be enough to pay your expenses for a week when an ATM is inaccessible.
The biggest concern about keeping money at home is safety. Some argue that it is unsafe to have that much money in your home. This challenge can be overcome by hiding that money in a place that is easily accessible, but hard to find. Just make sure it is nothing too obvious like a money pouch or a wallet.
Most burglaries happen very quickly so hiding your stash of cash in a good place is enough to keep your money hidden. If you are still concerned about safety, you can buy a money safe or locker to hide your money.
This third type of emergency fund isn’t even a fund at all. However, during a financial crisis, passive income can prove to be very beneficial. This strategy is also used by countries to avoid a nationwide financial crisis. The main idea here is to diversify your income. Here is how it works:
Most of us have one job that we rely on to pay all of our expenses. But what if you lost that job? How will you pay the bills? To avoid this, you can diversify your income. Simply put, you should find other ways to make money so that you will still have a flow of income that you can rely on to pay the bills if you lose your main job.
You can make passive income in many ways. Some common ways to make passive income are:
These are just a few ways to make passive income. There are countless other ways you can make extra money. You can also be a little creative and think of your own way to make money on the side. Overall, your objective should be to diversify your income source so that you can rely on other sources of income during a financial crisis.
Even when there is no emergency, passive income will help you save for your emergency fund and overall, have a higher household income. This will not only help you be financially secure but it will also help you grow financially.
Newcomers should know about the different types of bank accounts to use all the financial resources available to them. Knowing what each bank account is for will help you to put your money in the right place. Opening a bank account is one of the first things you do upon arrival in Canada. A bank account is a place where you can keep your money safe. And buying a house or using a debit card to pay at a grocery store would not be possible without a bank account. As well, a bank account makes you eligible for a loan such as a mortgage and is a convenient way to store your money.
A bank account is an account in which you can deposit and withdraw money. These transactions can be both negative and positive. A positive transaction is when you deposit money in your bank, making your account balance go up. A negative transaction is when you take out money from your bank account, making your account balance go down. These transactions decide what your account balance is, or how much money you have in your bank account.
With your bank account, you can store large amounts of money that you can withdraw at any time. However, not all bank accounts will allow you to withdraw money at any time. There are two main types of bank accounts; a chequing account and a savings account.
Opening a chequing account will probably be the first thing you do in Canada because it is the account you will use for your day-to-day expenses. It allows you to withdraw money at any time, making it a convenient way to pay for expenses such as your grocery bill and withdraw money from an ATM. Opening a chequing account will also get you a debit card. A debit card is a card that can make payments without cash. Almost every store in Canada has a debit card terminal so you will almost always have the option of paying digitally from your chequing account.
One thing to keep in mind is that most chequing accounts have a small monthly service fee as long as the account is running. Most chequing account service fees are usually around the $10 range. However, some chequing accounts have no service fees, called no-fee chequing accounts.
Some chequing accounts also offer ways to avoid paying monthly service fees. Some ways to avoid service fees are to either maintain a set minimum balance or deposit a certain amount of money into the account each month. The minimum deposit is usually around $5000. This means that if you have more than $5000 in your chequing account, you will be charged no fee that month. A minimum deposit usually ranges from $300 to $500. This means you need to deposit at least the minimum deposit amount in order to avoid paying your chequing account fees.
Opening a savings account allows you to save and grow your money. Unlike your chequing account, a savings account earns you interest on the money you save. However, a savings account cannot be used for day-to-day expenses. There is a fixed number of transactions you can do from your savings account each month, and that number is usually three. If you do any more transactions than that, you will have to pay transaction fees which make a savings account inconvenient for daily expenses.
Opening both a savings and a chequing account is a great way to manage your money. Together, they have all the features to meet your financial needs. You can keep the money you need for your daily expenses in your chequing account while keeping any additional money in your savings account. That way, you can pay for your expenses while earning interest on the rest of your money.
Now let’s look into some more specialized types of bank accounts that will help you save for the future.
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REGISTER FOR THE WEBINARCanadian banks have many resources to help you achieve your financial goals. Some of those resources include specialized bank accounts. The types of bank accounts covered in this section will help you achieve your financial goals faster. These accounts are all registered, meaning they are registered with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) to provide tax shelters. All the specialized accounts listed below are great saving resources because they can help you save on taxes.
The accounts covered in this section are Registered:
Opening an RRSP is a great way to save for your retirement. An RRSP works by delaying when you pay taxes on your income. This can be both to your advantage and disadvantage. The reason this is considered a retirement savings plan is because you will be in a lower income tax bracket at the age of retirement.
When you deposit money into your RRSP, it will come off your income directly and won’t be considered taxable income. For example, if your income is $50,000 and you decide to put $5000 toward your RRSP, the government will only make you pay income tax on $45,000 of your income.
This doesn’t mean you don’t have to pay taxes on that money in the future. When you withdraw money from your RRSP, that money will be considered as your income, and you will be taxed on it.
So then what is the point of RRSPs? If it saves you from taxes now, only to make you pay taxes in the future, why open an RRSP account? The answer is simple. You will have to pay more taxes when you are earning compared to when you are retired. When you take out money from your RRSP at retirement, you won’t have to pay as much income tax compared to when you were working.
As the name suggests, opening an RESP will help you save for your child’s education. Here is how an RESP works.
Every time you deposit money into your RESP, the government of Canada will contribute some money to your RESP as well. This money is called Canada Education Savings Grant, or CESG. A basic CESG is 20% on top of your deposit. However, low-income families might qualify for a 40% CESG.
To put this into perspective let’s look at an example.
Let’s say you deposit $2000 to your RESP this year. With a basic CESG, the government of Canada will contribute an additional 20% of that $2000 to your RESP.
$2000 x 20% = $400.
After your $2000 deposit, your RESP account balance will be $2000 (your contribution) + $400 (government’s contribution), which is $2400.
An RDSP is a savings plan intended to help people with disabilities save for a financially secure future. It works very similarly to an RESP. The government contributes money for every dollar you put in your RDSP. Unlike an RESP, however, RDSPs offer incredible returns, even as much as triple your contribution. The money contributed by the government is called the Canada Disability Savings Grant, or a CDSG. CDSGs will vary from person to person so they can even be as high as 300%!
RDSPs are an amazing way to save for the future and ensure a financially secure future for anyone with a disability. They offer some of the best returns on investments in Canada so if you are eligible for an RDSP, look into getting one.
To learn more about registered accounts in Canada, here is an article on RRSPs, RESPs, and TFSAs that explains each of those in detail, as well as some frequently asked questions.